All Case Studies
Apps Script / Lightweight Workflow Apps Script Google Sheets Firebase Auth JavaScript

Approval Workflow via Google Sheets

Operational approvals — purchase requests, overtime, material requests — ran entirely through email chains with no tracking, no status visibility, and no audit trail.

A

Background

A mid-sized operational company where approval workflows for purchases, overtime requests, and material requisitions crossed multiple departments. IT infrastructure was limited — no internal approval system, no workflow tool. Budget for new software was constrained.

B

Operational Problem

Operational approval processes — purchase requests, overtime, material requests — were handled entirely by email. No structured tracking, no pending-status visibility, and no audit trail for compliance or escalation.

C

Existing Workflow

Submitters sent emails to approvers and waited. Follow-up happened via WhatsApp. Approval status was tracked in personal notes or not at all. Nobody could answer "how many requests are pending right now" without manually reviewing email threads.

1 Requestor fills in a Word/Excel form and emails it to the approver
2 Approver replies via email with approval or rejection
3 No central visibility — each request tracked in personal inbox
4 Follow-up via WhatsApp when no reply received
5 Monthly compliance reports compiled by manually reviewing email history
D

Bottleneck & Risk

Requests fell through gaps between inbox folders. Approvers on leave had no backup workflow. The compliance team had no real-time visibility. Escalation required manually identifying who held the pending request. The process was opaque to everyone except the direct participants.

Requests were lost in inboxes. Approval cycles delayed operations. Compliance reporting required manual reconstruction. Bottlenecks were invisible until operational consequences surfaced.

E

Why the Existing System Failed

Email was chosen because it was familiar and zero-cost. But email is optimized for communication, not workflow state management. There was no concept of "pending," "approved," or "rejected" as queryable states. Every status check required human intervention.

F

Solution Approach

Use Google Sheets as the data backend with Apps Script for workflow logic — avoiding database infrastructure entirely. Provide a structured submission and approval interface accessible from any browser without IT involvement.

G

System Architecture

Apps Script-powered approval workflow with structured form submission, automated email notifications, role-based approval interface in Google Sheets, request status tracking, and operational reporting exports.

Google Sheet acts as the central database — one row per request. Apps Script handles form submission validation, automated email dispatch to approvers, and status updates when approvers click approve/reject links. Firebase Auth provides role-based access without server infrastructure.

H

Technologies Used

Apps Script Google Sheets Firebase Auth JavaScript
I

Workflow Visualization

01 Submission

Requestor fills web form — data written to Google Sheet with timestamp and status "Pending"

02 Notification

Apps Script sends approval email with direct action links to the designated approver

03 Approval Action

Approver clicks Approve or Reject — Sheet updates automatically, requestor notified

04 Reporting

Dashboard tab shows all pending, approved, and rejected requests in real time

J

Operational Impact

Metric Before After
Status Visibility Check inbox manually Self-service dashboard
Follow-up Method WhatsApp ping Automatic reminder
Compliance Report 2–3 hours manual Export in 1 click
Deployment Cost N/A Zero infrastructure
Pending approvals visible in real-time to all relevant roles
Follow-up via WhatsApp reduced as status became self-service visible
Audit trail maintained automatically in structured Sheets records
Deployed without any infrastructure changes or IT ticket
K

Future Development

Multi-level approval chains where requests escalate automatically after timeout. Integration with financial system for budget validation before approval. Mobile-optimized approval interface for approvers on the go.